Yield
Yield is the annual return on investment expressed as a percentage of property value or invested capital, the universal metric for comparing income-producing assets.
| Yield Type | Calculation |
| Gross yield | (Annual rent / Property value) times 100 |
| Net yield (Cap rate) | (NOI / Property value) times 100 |
| Cash-on-cash yield | (Net cash flow / Cash invested) times 100 |
| Dividend yield (REITs) | (Annual dividend / Share price) times 100 |
| Yield to maturity (bonds) | IRR of bond cash flows |
| Yield Comparison Across Assets | Typical Range |
| Dubai real estate (net) | 4% to 6% |
| US Treasury 10-year | 3.5% to 5% |
| Investment-grade corporate bonds | 4% to 6% |
| REITs (dividend yield) | 3% to 5% |
| Stocks (dividend yield) | 1.5% to 3% |
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