A non-recourse loan limits lender recovery solely to collateral property with no personal liability for borrower, except for fraud, misrepresentation, or other bad-boy carve-outs.
| Non-Recourse Structure | Protection |
| Lender claim | Limited to property collateral only |
| Borrower liability | Zero personal exposure (except carve-outs) |
| Default scenario | Lender forecloses, takes property, cannot pursue borrower |
| Deficiency judgment | Not available to lender |
| Bad-boy carve-outs | Fraud, environmental, misappropriation trigger recourse |
| Cost premium | 50 to 100 basis points higher than recourse loans |
| Typical Carve-Outs | GP Liability Triggered |
| Fraud or misrepresentation | Full recourse |
| Unauthorized transfers | Full recourse |
| Misappropriation of rents | Full recourse |
| Environmental violations | Full recourse if caused by borrower |
| Voluntary bankruptcy | Full recourse |
| Filing mechanic's liens | Full recourse |
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